Investigating Design: A Review of Forty Years of Design Research - Nigan Bayazit
Design research tries to answer the obligations of design to the humanities:
A : Design research is concerned with the physical embodiment of man-made things, how these things perform their jobs, and how they work.
B : Design research is concerned with construction as a human activity, how designers work, how they think, and how they carry out design activity.
C : Design research is concerned with what is achieved at the end of a purposeful design activity, how an artificial thing appears, and what it means.
D : Design research is concerned with the embodiment of configurations.
E : Design research is a systematic search and acquisition ofknowledge related to design and design activity.
Role of Design Methods in Design Research
After World War II, the new techniques that had been used in the design and development of arms and wartime equipment, and the methods and techniques used in developing many new inventions, attracted many designers. Creativity methods were developed mainly in the U.S. in response to the launching of the first satellite,
First Generation Design Methods
“pattern language,”Alexander tried to split the design problems into solvable small patterns by applying information theory. He sorted out those that interacted with each other, and solved the problems of each group by drawing a diagram in which the interactions.
Design methods people were looking at rational methods of incorporating scientific techniques and knowledge into the design process to make rational decisions to adapt to the prevailing values, something that was not always easy to achieve. They were attempting to work out the rational criteria of decision making, and trying to optimize the decisions.
First-generation design methods were simplistic, not matured enough, and not capable of meeting the requirements of complex, real-world problems.
The objectives of the design problem also were identified by them during the design process, which caused rigidity in design decisions and unexpected failures.
Second-Generation Design Methods
User involvement in design decisions and the identification of their objectives were the main characteristics of the second.
User participation to P&D is a very wide and comprehensive subject, with its political, ideological, psychological, managerial, administrative, legal and economical aspects in relation to various countries.
Conclusion
Generally, articles and book chapters concerning stateof-the-art reviews, the history of the discipline, or original conference proceedings and other documents were used in this paper.
Design research and its relevance to design methodology, as well as scientific research, are reviewed. Most design research studies were made in architecture because of the requirements of the societies after World War II. Scientific developments during the war, and the shortage of resources in postwar societies obviously necessitated and gave impetus to the creation of new ways to solve existing problems.
Future studies in various design disciplines may benefit from the experience and progress in disciplines concerned with building as well as engineering.
Another area of studying design research is the utilization of the methods of disciplines in such areas as psychology, social psychology, management, economics, semantics, and ergonomics.
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